Remembering Pearl Harbor: Strength Born From Sacrifice

 

Remembering Pearl Harbor: Strength Born From Sacrifice

On the quiet Sunday morning of December 7, 1941, the attack on Pearl Harbor shocked a nation that had hoped to remain at peace. In just a few hours, lives were lost, ships were burning, and the world was changed forever. Yet from the ashes of that devastation rose something far stronger than any enemy assault—courage, unity, and an unbreakable American spirit.

USS Arizona

The men and women who faced the attack that day were ordinary Americans placed in extraordinary circumstances. Sailors, Marines, soldiers, nurses, and civilians—many barely out of high school—responded with remarkable bravery. They fought flames, rescued their shipmates, returned fire, and tended to the wounded, often at great personal risk. Their actions remind us that heroism is not the absence of fear but the willingness to stand firm in the face of it.

The days and years that followed showed the world what America is made of. The nation did not crumble under pressure; it rallied. Citizens from every background joined together with a shared purpose. Factories roared to life. Communities supported one another. Service members stepped forward, determined that the events of that morning would not define the future—only strengthen the resolve to protect freedom.

For today’s veterans, Pearl Harbor stands as a symbol of the heritage they carry. The courage displayed in 1941 echoes in every generation of Americans who have raised their right hand and answered the call of duty. Whether serving overseas or on the home front, they inherit the same legacy of resilience and honor.

For all Americans, Pearl Harbor reminds us not merely of a moment of darkness, but of the light that followed. It teaches us that while tragedy may strike without warning, our response—our unity, determination, and compassion—is what truly defines us as a people. It is a story of loss, yes, but also of hope, rebuilding, and rising stronger than before.

As we remember Pearl Harbor, we do more than look back—we look around. We see the freedoms we enjoy, the communities we cherish, and the future we continue to shape. And we honor those who served, those who sacrificed, and those who still carry the torch of courage today.

America’s story is not one of defeat, but of perseverance. From Pearl Harbor to the present day, the message remains the same: we are a nation that stands tall, stands together, and stands unbroken.

USS Virginia

6 Ways to Support Veterans and Military Families This Christmas

6 Ways to Support Veterans and Military Families This Christmas

The holiday season is a perfect time to show appreciation for veterans and active-duty service members. Many face loneliness, stress, or separation from loved ones during Christmas—but small gestures can make a big difference. Here are practical ways to help:

1. Send Care Packages or Letters
Brighten a service member’s holiday with snacks, hygiene items, or handwritten notes. Organizations like the USO and Operation Gratitude make it easy to participate.

2. Volunteer Locally
Help at veterans’ hospitals, nursing homes, or shelters. Decorating, serving meals, or simply spending time with veterans can bring holiday cheer.

3. Donate to Veteran Charities
Support organizations providing housing, medical care, or mental health services. Even small donations make a lasting impact.

4. Include Veterans in Holiday Events
Invite veterans to community meals, concerts, or gatherings. Social connection can combat isolation and make them feel valued.

5. Show Everyday Appreciation
Thank veterans you know, support military families, or shop at veteran-owned businesses. Simple gestures of recognition go a long way.

6. Help Military Families
Contribute to toy drives, gift cards, or holiday meals for families of deployed service members. Supporting them ensures the whole family feels the joy of the season.

This Christmas, let’s honor those who serve by spreading gratitude, connection, and care. Small actions can create meaningful holiday moments for veterans and military families.

How Much You Can Actually Save on Car Insurance as a Military Member

How Much You Can Actually Save on Car Insurance as a Military Member

If you’re in the military or retired from it, certain insurance companies offer discounts and premium reductions designed with you in mind. The savings can add up significantly — sometimes hundreds of dollars a year — especially if you combine the right discounts and coverage strategies. Below are some real-world examples and estimates based on recent data and analyses.

USAA
USAA is often regarded as the top choice for servicemembers and veterans because it exclusively serves the military community (active duty, reserves, retirees, spouses, dependents). NerdWallet

On average, full‑coverage car insurance from USAA costs about $1,670 per year (or $342 per year for liability-only coverage), before applying some of the military-specific discounts. NerdWallet For many military members, these discounts bring the cost significantly lower. USAA

Depending on your situation, the savings from USAA may include:

• Up to a 15% discount if your vehicle is garaged on a secure military base. USAA

• If you are deployed or otherwise storing the vehicle (e.g. long‑term storage when you’re not using it), you may get up to 60% off your premium while the vehicle is parked. USAA

• Additional reductions may come from multi‑vehicle policies, bundling auto with home/renters insurance, safe‑driver discounts, or programs that track safe driving. USAA

In practice, many USAA members report saving an average of about $725 per year compared with previous insurers. USAA

GEICO
GEICO is widely available (nationwide) and offers discounts for active duty, reservists, National Guard, retirees, and their families. GEICO

Some of the savings you might expect with GEICO:

• Up to a 15% discount on total premiums for eligible military members. GEICO

• If you are ordered to deploy and qualify under GEICO’s “Emergency Deployment Discount,” you may get additional savings — especially if your vehicle is stored under approved storage protection. GEICO

• Multi‑policy and multi‑vehicle discounts may also apply if you insure more than one vehicle or combine auto coverage with renters/homeowners insurance. RateSonic

To put this into perspective: one comparison lists the “average” annual full‑coverage premium from GEICO (for military members) at about $1,951 — after applying a typical 9% discount — though these numbers vary by state, driving history, and coverage level. Carinsurance.com

Other Insurers Worth Checking
While USAA and GEICO are the most consistently highlighted for military discounts, other companies sometimes offer discounts depending on state, coverage type, or specific policy terms:

• Some sources note that insurers like Farmers Insurance and Liberty Mutual may offer around a 10% discount for veterans or military — though the availability and size of that discount can vary widely depending on the insurer and your state. WalletHub

• In rare cases, policies like storage coverage (e.g. during a deployment) may dramatically lower premiums when your vehicle is not being used. Insurance Panda 

Putting It All Together: What You Could Actually Save

Suppose you were paying $2,000 per year for full coverage before military‑specific discounts. With a 15% military discount, that could reduce your premium by $300 — to about $1,700. If you qualify for a deployment or storage discount (e.g. 50–60%), and your vehicle is not being driven for some period, you might only pay $800–$1,000 for that period of time — a savings of $1,000 or more.

With USAA, many members across the U.S. have reported average annual savings of $700–$800 per year compared with previous non‑military insurance providers. USAA

If you bundle policies (auto + homeowners/renters), insure multiple vehicles, maintain a clean driving record, and take advantage of deployment or storage discounts, your savings could be even more significant.

Tips to Maximize Discounts and Savings

It helps to evaluate your situation honestly and update your insurer whenever circumstances change: for example, storing a vehicle while deployed, reducing coverage if you are driving less, bundling multiple policies, or combining multiple cars under one policy. Reach out directly to insurers and ask which discounts you qualify for — active duty, Reserve/National Guard status, deployment, multi‑vehicle, bundling, storage, etc. Because discount availability can vary widely by state and by insurer, it’s often worth requesting multiple quotes to compare.

Also keep in mind that cheap doesn’t always mean “best.” Look closely at coverage levels, deductibles, and benefits like emergency deployment coverage or storage options — especially if you frequently relocate, deploy, or store a vehicle for long periods.

Veteran’s Day Ideas: Small Gestures, Big Respect

  

Veteran’s Day Ideas: Small Gestures, Big Respect

Veteran’s Day is a meaningful opportunity to pause and acknowledge the courage, sacrifice, and service of the men and women who have worn our nation’s uniform. Honoring veterans doesn’t always require grand gestures or complicated plans. Sometimes the simplest acts, done with sincerity, carry the greatest weight. Here are ten thoughtful and accessible ways anyone can show appreciation on this special day.

One of the most heartfelt ways to honor veterans is by expressing gratitude directly. Whether face-to-face, through a handwritten note, or in a phone call, a genuine “thank you for your service” can mean more than you realize. Many veterans appreciate hearing that their sacrifices are seen and valued, especially from younger generations who benefit from the freedoms they protected.

Another meaningful act is to take a moment of silence. Pause at 11 a.m., the hour World War I ended, and reflect on the bravery of those who served. This quiet personal moment not only honors their memory but also restores a sense of connection to history and the values they defended.

Supporting veteran-owned businesses is another simple but powerful gesture. Choosing to buy from veterans shows respect for their post-service contributions and helps strengthen their livelihoods. It doesn’t require a major purchase—patronizing a local café, shop, or service owned by a veteran is a small act with real impact.

If you enjoy reading, spend time learning about veterans' experiences. Pick up a memoir, article, or historical piece that shares their journey. Understanding the emotional, physical, and personal challenges they faced deepens appreciation and fosters empathy. Sharing what you learned with others can spark awareness and gratitude beyond your own life.

You can also drop off a card or treat at a local VFW or veteran’s center. A small bag of baked goods or a thoughtful note brightens someone’s day in a personal way. This simple gesture reminds veterans that their community remembers them—not only in ceremonies, but in everyday kindness.

Another way to participate is by visiting a veterans’ memorial or cemetery. Leave a flower, say a prayer, or simply walk quietly. These visits honor those who served and those who never came home, anchoring us in remembrance and humility.

Wear a poppy or flag pin as a quiet symbol of respect. When someone asks about it, use that moment to talk about the meaning of the day, encouraging others to pause and reflect as well. Symbols speak loudly in a world that moves quickly.

Consider donating gently used clothing or items to organizations that directly help veterans and their families. A practical gift can bring comfort and relief to someone transitioning to civilian life or facing hardship. Giving from the heart uplifts both the giver and the receiver.

You can also share a supportive post or tribute online. While digital recognition isn't enough on its own, it can amplify gratitude and remind others to honor those who served. Highlight real stories, local heroes, or helpful veteran resources to make your message meaningful.

Finally, simply check in on a veteran you know. Ask how they’re doing, listen without judgment, and show appreciation for who they are—beyond their service. Sometimes the greatest honor we can offer is genuine human connection and presence.

None of these gestures are difficult or time-consuming, yet each holds the power to affirm dignity, gratitude, and remembrance. On Veteran’s Day, let us choose kindness, respect, and awareness. Our veterans gave a part of their lives for us; taking time to honor them is a privilege we should never take lightly.

Three lesser-known benefits from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)

 

Here are three lesser-known benefits from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) — what they are, why they matter, and how you apply for them.

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1. Adapted Housing Grants (SAH / SHA)

What it is:
If you have a qualifying service-connected disability, the VA offers grants to help you buy, build, or adapt a home for your needs — e.g., ramps, wider doors, accessible bathrooms, or even building a new home. Benefits+3Kiplinger+3VETERANS VALOR - VA Claims Consulting+3
Why many miss it:
These are more niche than typical benefits like healthcare or education. The eligibility criteria are specific (e.g., loss or loss-of-use of limbs, blindness, severe burns). Veterans Affairs+1
How to apply / Website / Link:

• Main info page: VA Housing Assistance – Disability Housing Grants Veterans Affairs

• To apply: Apply for an adapted housing grant (online or paper) Veterans Affairs+1

• You can use VA Form 26-4555: Application in Acquiring Specially Adapted Housing or Special Home Adaptation Grant. Veterans Affairs+1
  Tips & notes:

• Make sure your disability rating/decision supports the required criteria. Benefits+1

• You do not always have to use the full grant amount in one year — you may use portions over multiple years. Veterans Affairs

• Even if you already own a house, you may be eligible to adapt it. Benefits

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2. Caregiver Support Program – Comprehensive Assistance for Family Caregivers (PCAFC)

What it is:
If a veteran has a serious injury or illness related to their service, their family caregiver may qualify for the VA’s program offering support services: a monthly stipend, health care through CHAMPVA for the caregiver (if applicable), training, respite, and other resources. Veterans Affairs+1
Why many miss it:
The focus is often on the veteran’s benefits; but caregiving support is a different dimension and not always front-page in benefit guides.
How to apply / Website / Link:

• Info & eligibility: Program of Comprehensive Assistance for Family Caregivers Veterans Affairs

• Application: You can apply online or download VA Form 10-10CG (Application for the Program of Comprehensive Assistance for Family Caregivers). Veterans Affairs+1
  Tips & notes:

• The veteran must be enrolled in VA health care or being medically discharged to qualify. Veterans Affairs

• There’s a distinction between the “General Caregiver Support Services (PGCSS)” (less formal) and the PCAFC (more comprehensive). Caregiver VA

• Make sure to gather all documentation about the veteran’s injury/condition and caregiver role.

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3. Clothing Allowance & Adaptive Equipment / Vehicle Grants

What it is:
Though it sounds small, these benefits help veterans who have service-connected disabilities that require prosthetic or orthopedic appliances, skin conditions that damage clothing, or adaptive equipment in vehicles. For example:

• The VA clothing allowance helps replace damaged or worn-out clothing due to service-connected disability. Kiplinger+1

• Automobile Allowance & Adaptive Equipment: If your disability affects your ability to drive, the VA may help with a one-time payment for a specially equipped vehicle or adaptive equipment. Kiplinger+1
  Why many miss it:
  These benefits seem minor compared to large assistance programs, so people may not realise they’re eligible. Also, conditions like needing a specially equipped vehicle might be assumed to be covered by other programs and overlooked.
  How to apply / Website / Link:
  While there isn’t a single “clothing allowance page” link cited here, the VA main benefits page gives the umbrella context and you’d want to contact your local VA regional office or benefits counselor. For example:

• General page for service-member and veteran benefits: VA Service Member Benefits Veterans Affairs

• For detailed vehicle equipment and adaptive housing, see the adaptive housing grants page above (since these kinds of adaptive equipment/vehicles are in the same umbrella of “adaptation” benefits).
  Tips & notes:

• Even if you think the benefit is “small”, it still adds up and you deserve to claim it.

• Document how the disability damages clothing or how adaptive equipment is required — that evidence helps your claim.

• Ask your local veteran’s service officer (VSO) for help — they often know lesser-used benefits.

A Tribute of Resilience and Honor

 

A Tribute of Resilience and Honor

On this solemn anniversary of September 11, 2001, we pause to remember the lives lost and the families forever changed on that tragic day. Yet even in the midst of sorrow, what stands out most is the unshakable resilience of the American spirit. Out of the smoke and rubble rose courage, unity, and a determination that continues to define us as a nation.

To our veterans and military personnel, we owe a debt that words alone can never repay. When our nation was wounded, you stepped forward—many leaving behind comfort and family—to defend freedom and protect the innocent. Your service reminds us that America’s strength lies not only in its ideals, but in the men and women willing to stand guard over them.

This day is not only about remembering tragedy; it is also about celebrating perseverance. It is about honoring those who gave their lives, those who served in the years since, and those who continue to carry the torch of liberty. We remember the bravery of first responders who rushed into danger, the selflessness of ordinary citizens who became heroes, and the enduring faith of a people who refused to be broken.

September 11 will always be a reminder of our shared vulnerability—but also of our shared resilience. As we reflect, let us recommit ourselves to unity, gratitude, and hope. Let us honor the sacrifice of our veterans and service members not only with our words, but by striving to live with the same courage, integrity, and devotion they have shown.

Today, we stand together as one nation—humbled by loss, strengthened by sacrifice, and uplifted by the knowledge that even in our darkest hours, the American spirit shines bright.

Military REBOOT’s New Women-Only Course

A Path to Healing: Military REBOOT’s New Women-Only Course

Big Rapids, MI — On September 15, 2025, the Big Rapids community will launch a powerful new resource: the 12-week, women-only Military REBOOT trauma recovery course. This faith-based and peer-led program is designed for female veterans, active-duty service members, first responders, and their families, offering a safe place to begin healing from trauma.

What Makes It Unique

Unlike traditional support groups, the program is peer-led by women with firsthand experience, ensuring an atmosphere of trust, confidentiality, and empathy. Organizers emphasize that “words don’t leave this area,” creating a safe environment where participants can process their journeys openly.

Military REBOOT has proven results nationwide. Participants often report stronger relationships, decreased reliance on medication, and lower rates of depression and suicide. The course is open not only to service members themselves but also to their spouses and families—recognizing that trauma affects everyone in the home.

Why It Matters

Women now make up the fastest-growing segment of the U.S. veteran population, yet they face unique challenges, including higher rates of PTSD. Programs like this one provide a much-needed space where women can process trauma in a supportive community tailored to their experiences.

By combining peer support with faith-based teaching, REBOOT addresses the mental, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of recovery. With over 25,000 graduates nationwide, it has helped thousands of service members and first responders rediscover purpose and resilience.

How to Join

Classes will meet weekly from 6 p.m. to 8 p.m. at 430 N. Third Ave., Big Rapids. New participants are welcome through the third week of the course.

Anyone interested can register or learn more at RebootRecovery.com/join.

A Beacon of Hope

For many women in uniform, the path to recovery can feel lonely. This new REBOOT course is more than just a class—it’s a community, a place of trust, and a step toward renewed strength and peace.

The Last Ace of World War II: Donald McPherson

Donald McPherson: The Last Ace of World War II

The passing of Donald Melvin McPherson in August 2025 closed a chapter of history. At 103 years old, McPherson was the last surviving American “ace” fighter pilot of World War II, a distinction given to aviators who downed five or more enemy aircraft in combat. His life, however, was not only defined by the dramatic dogfights of the Pacific theater but also by the quiet decades of service, humility, and community leadership that followed.

Born on May 25, 1922, in the small town of Adams, Nebraska, McPherson grew up far from the battlefields where he would one day make his mark. Like many of his generation, his life was transformed by the Second World War. In 1943, he joined the U.S. Navy through the V-5 Aviation Cadet Program, a path usually reserved for men with college experience. The Navy, in need of pilots, waived that requirement, giving McPherson his chance. After rigorous training at NAS Corpus Christi, Texas, he earned his wings and was commissioned as an ensign in 1944.

Assigned to Fighter Squadron VF-83 aboard the aircraft carrier USS Essex, McPherson flew the Grumman F6F Hellcat, the workhorse of the Navy’s Pacific campaign. In the skies over Okinawa and other contested islands, he proved his skill and courage. He achieved ace status by downing five Japanese aircraft, a feat that placed him among the elite ranks of combat aviators. For his service, McPherson received three Distinguished Flying Crosses, multiple Air Medals, and, many years later, the Congressional Gold Medal awarded collectively to surviving World War II aces.

But McPherson’s story did not end with military glory. After the war, he returned home to Adams, where he married his sweetheart, Thelma Johnston, and raised three children. He chose a quiet, steady life: farming the land, carrying the rural mail, coaching youth sports, and serving as a Scoutmaster. He was deeply involved in his church, the American Legion, and the Veterans of Foreign Wars. In recognition of the McPherson family’s devotion to their community, the local ball field was named “McPherson Field” in their honor. To those who knew him best, his faith, kindness, and service mattered far more than his wartime accolades.

Even in his later years, McPherson remained connected to his past. In 2024, at the age of 102, he once again sat in the cockpit of a restored Hellcat, reliving the experience that had defined his youth. Less than a year later, on August 14, 2025, he passed away peacefully in his hometown. His death marked the end of an era: the last living link to America’s World War II fighter aces was gone.

Donald McPherson’s legacy is twofold. In the skies, he embodied the bravery and skill that helped secure victory in the Pacific. On the ground, he lived a life of humility and service, showing that true heroism extends beyond the battlefield. His story reminds us that while history often remembers men for their wartime achievements, their deepest impact may be found in the lives they touch long after the fighting ends.

Top 10 Military Related News Stories for This Week

 

Here are the top 10 military-related news stories from this week

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1. Massive Russian missile and drone strike on Ukraine; Poland scrambles jets

Russia launched one of its largest attacks of the year on Ukraine—574 drones and 40 missiles targeted western regions, destroying a U.S.-owned factory and causing casualties. Poland scrambled jets in response.New York PostSky News

2. U.S. Air Force Chief of Staff forced into early retirement

General David Allvin will retire by November after being ousted by Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth, amid a sweeping purge of top military leaders under Trump’s administration.The Daily Beast

3. Russian “top sniper” exposed in compensation fraud scandal

Lieutenant Colonel Konstantin Frolov—once celebrated in Russian media—has been accused of faking battlefield wounds to claim £1.7 million in compensation, medals, and recognition.The Sun

4. U.S. and European military finalize Ukraine security options

Senior U.S. and European military officials have agreed on military options to guarantee Ukrainian security—these options are expected to be discussed among national security advisers.UNITED24 Media

5. Navy pilot rescued after $67 million fighter jet crash

A Navy pilot ejected safely from an F/A-18E Super Hornet that crashed into the ocean during a training exercise off the Virginia coast. The incident marks the sixth high-cost loss of a military jet this year.New York Post

6. U.S. Army launches advanced drone warfare operator course

The Army introduced its first official drone operator course at Fort Rucker to train soldiers in advanced drone tactics, flying systems, and 3D printing technologies.Task & Purpose

7. NATO “coalition of the willing” develops security framework for Ukraine

Top NATO and U.S. military leaders began formulating a security framework to guarantee Ukraine’s safety, while Russia criticized the talks and continues military aggression across Ukraine.The Guardian

8. North Korea’s senior military officers abruptly recalled from Russia

North Korea recalled top commanders from Russia’s Kursk region, signaling Russia’s growing confidence in its control of the region and potential easing of North Korea’s direct combat role.The Wall Street Journal

9. Trump revokes security clearances of 37 national security officials

The administration announced it would strip 37 current and former national security officials of their clearances—continuing a contentious tactic in U.S. politics.Military.com

10. Turkey and Syria coordinate to train new Syrian army

Military officials from Türkiye and Syria have begun preparations to train a new Syrian army under a bilateral agreement.Hürriyet Daily News

Top Military News for the Week August 15, 2025

 10 top U.S. military-related news stories (as of August 2025) that are particularly relevant to service members, spanning legal, operational, strategic, and human-interest aspects:

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1. Domestic Troop Deployment & Posse Comitatus Lawsuit

A trial in California is probing whether the deployment of National Guard troops and active-duty Marines to Los Angeles violated the centuries-old Posse Comitatus Act, which limits military involvement in civilian law enforcement. The outcome could significantly redefine presidential authority over domestic troop use.(Reuters)

2. Broad Implications for Future Presidential Power

A related AP exploration details how such actions—deploying troops to places like D.C. and L.A.—are testing the fragile boundaries of U.S. law regarding military domestic roles, setting a legal precedent with potential long-term implications.(AP News)

3. Revitalizing the Defense Industrial Base

The Washington Post warns of a deteriorating U.S. defense production capability—citing depleted ammunition stocks, delays in tank refurbishments, and a lack of industrial agility. The piece advocates for leadership akin to WWII mobilizer William Knudsen to drive a defense industry renaissance.(The Washington Post)

4. Trump–Putin Summit at an Alaskan Military Base

A high-stakes summit between Presidents Trump and Putin in Anchorage, Alaska, carries major global and military implications—especially regarding U.S. positioning on the Ukraine conflict and its relationship with NATO.(AP News)

5. Military Action Against Drug Cartels Under Consideration

The Trump administration is evaluating military responses—such as drone or missile strikes—to target Mexican drug cartels (designated as terrorist groups), while avoiding troop incursions into Mexico. This raises legal and diplomatic concerns.(The Washington Post)

6. Reporting Confusion in Guard/Reserve Duty Codes

A new study reveals that the vast array of duty codes used for National Guard and reserve members is unnecessarily complex, causing confusion and inefficiency for both personnel and taxpayers. Authorities recommend consolidating these codes.(Stars and Stripes)

7. Special Forces Scandal Exposed in New Book

A controversial book, The Fort Bragg Cartel, alleges troubling misconduct—including drug trafficking and murder—by members of U.S. Special Forces. The revelations come amid broader discussions on the use of special operations against cartels.(Democracy Now!)

8. Political Influence in the Pentagon

Reports suggest that Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth is pushing a form of Christian nationalism within the Pentagon, causing internal friction and raising questions about religious influence in military leadership spheres.(The Guardian)

9. Federal Takeover of D.C. Policing

The Trump administration has temporarily assumed control over policing in Washington, D.C., deploying National Guard soldiers and federal agents to assist with monument security, traffic operations, and drug enforcement.(AP News)

10. Tragedy at Fort Stewart

A former U.S. soldier and his wife have been charged with the grim homicide of their child due to starvation while stationed at Fort Stewart, Georgia. The heartbreaking case has drawn attention to issues facing military families and base communities.(People.com)

Understanding the Rules for Deploying the National Guard

 

Understanding the Rules for Deploying the National Guard and the Marines — and Their Rules of Engagement

I. Deployment Rules: National Guard vs. Marines

A. National Guard

The National Guard is unique in that it operates under both state and federal authority. Its deployment depends on who is in command and the situation at hand.

1. State Activation (Title 32 U.S. Code)

• Governors can activate their state’s National Guard for emergencies such as natural disasters, civil disturbances, or public health crises.

• Troops remain under state command, even though they may receive federal funding.

• This is the most common type of activation (e.g., hurricanes, riots, COVID-19 pandemic).

2. Federal Activation (Title 10 U.S. Code)

• The President can federalize the National Guard, placing them under Department of Defense (DoD) command.

• Used for national defense missions, overseas deployments, or large-scale emergencies.

• Once federalized, Guard troops operate like active-duty military forces.

3. Restrictions

• When under state authority, Guardsmen can perform law enforcement roles (search, seizure, arrest).

• When federalized, the Posse Comitatus Act (1878) generally prohibits using federal military forces for domestic law enforcement unless explicitly authorized by Congress or the Constitution.

B. U.S. Marines

The U.S. Marine Corps, as part of the Department of the Navy, is a federal force. It cannot be activated by state governors and does not serve any state-specific role.

1. Presidential Authority (Title 10 U.S. Code)

• Only the President can deploy the Marines.

• Marines are used primarily for overseas combat operations, crisis response, embassy security, and limited domestic tasks (e.g., disaster relief under specific conditions).

2. Domestic Use

• Use of Marines on U.S. soil is rare and typically for non-law enforcement missions.

• Any use for law enforcement must be authorized by law (e.g., Insurrection Act).

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II. Rules of Engagement (ROE)

Rules of Engagement are directives that define when, where, and how military force may be used.

A. General Principles (Applicable to All U.S. Forces)

1. Self-Defense

   • U.S. forces may always use force in self-defense.

   • This includes unit self-defense and individual self-defense.

2. Necessity and Proportionality

   • Force must be necessary to accomplish the mission.

   • The level of force must be proportional to the threat.

3. Positive Identification (PID)

   • Before engaging, troops must confirm that a target is hostile or a valid military objective.

4. Distinction and Discrimination

   • Troops must distinguish between combatants and non-combatants.

   • Civilian casualties must be minimized.

B. National Guard ROE (Domestic Missions)

• When under state control, National Guard ROE are governed by state law and policies.

• ROE are generally more restrictive during domestic missions, especially in crowd control or riot situations.

• Use of force is usually graduated:

  1. Presence

  2. Verbal commands

  3. Physical restraint

  4. Non-lethal weapons (e.g., tear gas, rubber bullets)

  5. Lethal force (only if there is a threat of death or serious bodily harm)

C. Marines ROE (Combat Missions)

• In overseas operations, Marine ROE are governed by:

  • U.S. military doctrine

  • International law (Geneva Conventions)

  • Operational-specific ROE, approved by commanders and possibly the President.

• These rules vary based on the mission, whether it's counterinsurgency, peacekeeping, or full-scale combat.

The rules for deploying the National Guard and Marines reflect their distinct roles in U.S. national security. The Guard can operate at the state or federal level and may engage in law enforcement under state control, while the Marines serve only under federal authority and focus primarily on national defense and overseas operations. Both forces follow strict rules of engagement to balance mission success with respect for human rights and legal standards.

What about the ICE protests in Los Angeles?

During violent riots, the National Guard can be activated by a state governor under Title 32 authority to help restore order and protect lives and property. In this role, they remain under state control and are legally allowed to perform law enforcement functions, such as crowd control, enforcing curfews, making arrests, and protecting critical infrastructure.

Their use of force follows a graduated response, starting with presence and verbal warnings, and escalating only if necessary to non-lethal methods (like tear gas or rubber bullets). Lethal force is used only as a last resort, in cases of clear and immediate threat to life. If federalized (under Title 10), their law enforcement powers are typically restricted by the Posse Comitatus Act unless overridden by specific legal authorization like the Insurrection Act.

In ICE protests, the National Guard has serves mostly as a supporting force when protests became unruly or overwhelmed local authorities. Their role is not to enforce immigration law, but to help ensure public safety and protect infrastructure, especially federal property, when called upon by state leadership.